Introduction to General Ledger

Introduction to General Ledger

How does a business record, achieve and maintain profitability? Understanding and an accurate application of accounting principles and practices are the foundation for understanding how business is performing over a period of time. Accounting is a distinct discipline, with its own standards, methods, principles and language. Understanding General Ledger required understanding of basic accounting procedures. Understanding basic accounting procedures requires a prerequisite knowledge of certain accounting principles, concepts and terms. And finally understanding concepts requires understanding of how bookkeeping is done and what are the common accounting records. This section on Fundamentals of General Ledger deals with the basics of both bookkeeping and accounting and aims to help you understand practical accounting activities. Learner will also understand accounting fundamentals and theories of accounting, how to maintain accounting records, what is general ledger and what is the relevance and importance of general ledger. Each topic will also discuss the concepts in the context of automated accounting systems.

This section will be helpful for all individuals who require knowledge of the basics of accounting. This will be a non-negotiable for individuals who want to understand general ledger, who are working on any project involving general ledger or who need to sharpen their functional skills on either accounting or specifically on general ledger. 

What is Accounting

accountingAccounting is a process designed to capture the economic impact of everyday transactions. Each day, many events and activities occur in an entity, these events and activities are in the normal course of business; however each of these events may or may not have an economic impact. Events or activities that have an effect on the accounting equation are accounting events. 

The Accounting Process

accounting processIn this article we will focus on and understand the accounting process which enables accounting system to provide the necessary information to business stakeholders. We will deep dive into each of the steps of accounting and will understand how to identify accounting transactions and the process for recording accounting information and transactions.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)

GAAPGenerally Accepted Accounting Principles define the accounting procedures, and understanding them is essential to producing accurate and meaningful records. In this article we emphasize on accounting principles and concepts so that the learner can understand the “why” of accounting which will help you gain an understanding of the full significance of accounting. 

Accounting Methods

double entryUnderstand the two common systems of bookkeeping, single and double entry accounting systems. Learner will also understand two most common accounting methods; cash and accrual methods of accounting. This article will help the learner understand the advantages and disadvantages of using each one of them.

The Accounting Equation

accounting equationIn this article we will help you understand the double entry accounting system and state the accounting equation and define each element of the equation. Then we will describe and illustrate how business transactions can be recorded in terms of the resulting change in the elements of the accounting equation.

Recording & Analyzing Accounting Transactions

analyzeIn the previous article we gained an understanding of the concept of accounting equation. In this article we will focus on how to analyze and recorded transactional accounting information by applying the rule of credit and debit. We will also focus on some efficient methods of recording and analyzing transactions.

Journalizing: General Journals & Special Journals

JournalIn this article the learner will understand the meaning of journalizing and the steps required to create a journal entry. This article will also discuss the types of journals and will help you understand general journals & special journals. In the end we will explain the impact of automated ERPs on Journalizing Process.

What is a General Ledger?

whatisgeneral ledgerThe purpose of the general ledger is to sort transaction information into meaningful categories and chart of accounts. The general ledger sorts information from the general journal and converts them into account balances and this process converts data into information, necessary to prepare financial statements. This article explains what general ledger is and some of its major functionalities.

GL in Accounting Software

automated glGeneral ledger is the central repository of all accounting information in an automated accounting world. Summarized data from various sub-ledgers are posted to GL that eventually helps in creation of financial reports. Read more to understand the role and benefits of an effective general ledger system in automated accounting systems and ERPs. 

Subsidiary Ledgers

subsdiary ledgerFor any company that has large number of transactions, putting all the details in the general ledger is not feasible. Hence it needs be supported by one or more subsidiary ledgers that provide details for accounts in the general ledger. Understand the concept of subsidiary ledger, control accounts and advantages of using subsidiary ledgers in accounting process.

Example of Subsidiary Ledgers

subsdiary examplesIn this article we explain some commonly used subsidiary ledgers like accounts receivable subsidiary ledger, accounts payable subsidiary ledger or creditors' subsidiary ledger, inventory subsidiary ledger, fixed assets subsidiary ledger, projects subsidiary ledger, work in progress subsidiary ledger and cash receipts or payments subsidiary ledger. 

Accounting Cycle

Accounting Cycle2In this article we will explain the typical accounting cycle that takes place in any automated accounting system. We will understand the perquisites for commencing accounting cycle and the series of steps required to record transactions and convert them into financial reports. This accounting cycle is the standard repetitive process that is undertaken to record and report accounting transactions.

GL Process Flow

GL Transaction FlowIn this article we will explain the general Ledger journal processing flow from entering journals to running the final financial reports. Understand the generic general ledger process flow as it happens in automated ERP systems. The accounting cycle explains the flow of converting raw accounting data to financial information whereas general ledger process flow explains how journals flow in the system.

Inquiry & Drilldown

drilldownIn this tutorial, you learn what we mean by drill through functionality in context of general ledger system. We will explain the concept of drill down and how it enables users to perform account and transaction inquiry at a granular level and the benefits of using this functionality.

GL Overview

gl overviewIn this article we will summarize what we have learnt so far in this section and this will serve as a ready reckoner for the learner to recap the key concepts related to general ledger system. Coming directly to this article will be beneficial for learners who want to have a quick overview of general ledger system in the context of ERPs and automated systems.